Compare and Contrast: Muslim Empires

Between 1450 and 1750, collar great Muslim pudding stones arosethe queers, the Safavids, and the Mughals. The Ottomans arose after the Seljuk Turkic kingdom of unique in Eastern Anatolia collapsed, which occurred because of a Mongol invasion in 1243. The area fell into a chaotic period after that because the Mongols did not directly rule it. In bet of riches, Turkic nations, including the Ottomans who rule the rest, flooded into the area. By the 1350s, the Ottomans were advancing from their Asia Minor strongholds.Under Mehmed I, they conquered a great part of the Balkans, and, in 1453, they captured Constantinople of the Byzantine conglomerate at a lower place Mehmed II, The Conqueror, thus establishing an empire from the Balkans that include closely of the Arab world. Like the Ottomans, the Safavids arose from struggles of rival Turkish tribes. In the fourteenth century, there were decades of vehement struggles, until, fin entirelyy, after lead successive Safavid leade rship died, a Sufi commander named Ismail survived. He and his followers conquered the city of Tabriz in 1501, as well as approximately of Persia in the next decade.They then lot the Ozbegs, neighboring nomadic Turks, back to primal Asia and advanced to Iraq. Lastly, the Mughal Dynasty was founded by Babur, who descended from Turkic warriors. He first guide an invasion of India in 1526 and conquered the Indus and Ganges plains. After Babur died of an illness, his son, Humayan, succeeded him and was attacked from enemies of either sides because of Baburs death. He was expelled from India in 1540, but at last restored Mughal rule by 1556. Humayans son, Akbar, would later on on succeed him and receive the greatest regulation in Mughal history.The Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals constructed significant empires, but from individually one adoptive different ways of underwriteing their conquered community and developed diverse methods for managing social, political, and econo mical systems. In order to promote the expansion of their empire, the Ottomans adopted some practices to include non-Muslims in the military. At first, the Ottomans first concern was to collect indemnity from their conquered concourse. This first happened in 1243 when the kingdom of Rum was conquered.However, in the fifteenth century, the Ottoman conglomerates imperial armies became increasingly dominated by infantry divisions made up of troops called Janissaries. Most of these Janissaries had been forcibly recruited as adolescent boys in conquered areas, such as the Balkans, where most of the population was made up of Christians. Sometimes the boys parents willingly turned their sons over to the Ottoman recruiters because of the opportunities for advancement that came with service to the Ottoman sultans. And although they were legally slaves, they were well-educated and converted to Islam.Some of them tear down went on to serve in the castle or bureaucracy, but most became J anissaries. These Janissaries, however, later gained political influence. Commerce within the empire was in the hands of Christian and Judaic merchants, who as dhimmis, or people of the book, were down the stairs the protection of the Ottoman rulers. The Safavids espoused the Shia translation of Islam unlike the Ottomans, who espoused the Sunni variant of Islam. These two variants scorn each opposite, and their hatred showed during the battle of Chaldiran on August 1514 in northwest Persia.However, the Safavids were intimately killed because of the Ottomans advanced warfare technology. Under Abbas the Great, the Safavid imperium thrived with toleration for captured and conquered people. For example, captured Russian youths were educated and converted, and they organise the backbone of the Safavids military forces. They monopolized firearms that had become increasingly prominent in Safavid armies. Also, any(prenominal) Russians were granted provincial governorships and ampl y offices at court. Although the Safavids tolerated the Russians, they were not as kind to the other inhabitants of present-day Iran.For example, Sunni Muslims, Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and followers of Sufi preachers, were all pressured into converting to Shiism. One of the greatest rulers in all of history was the son and successor of Humayan, Akbar the Great. The Mughals, under Akbar, developed the most enlightened social, political, and economic methods for treating their conquered people. He not only broaden the Mughal Empire with conquests finishedout north and underlying India, but also made the Mughal Dynasty sustainable because of his social and administrative policies.He pursued a policy of reconciliation and cooperation with the Hindu princes and boilers suit population of his realm. For example, he encouraged inmarriage between the Mughal aristocracy and families of the Hindu Rajput rulers. In addition, Akbar abolished jizya, which was a head tax on Hindus. H e also allowed Hindus to be promoted to high ranks in the government. Further, Akbar ended the longstanding eject on the construction of refreshful Hindu temples, and he ordered Muslims to respect awe because the Hindus viewed them as sacred. He even invented a new faith calledDin-i-Ilahi, which blended elements of the many religions with which he was familiar. He believed that this would unite his Hindu and Muslim subjects, but it failed. Similar to the Ottomans disposition of tribute, Akbar did leave some areas of his empire unsocial so long as they swore loyalty to Mughal rulers and paid their taxes on time. However, these areas were only left field alone because of a shortage of administrators. The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Dynasties each treated their conquered people and non-Muslims differently through political, economic and social procedures.Akbar the Great and the Mughals had the most enlightened approach on how to treat these people, such as encouraging intermarri age, abolishing the jizya, and conclusion the ban on the building of new Hindu temples. This approach ultimately led to greater success for the empire as a whole. In contrast, the practices utilized by the Ottomans and Safavids resulted in more discontent for the conquered people and non-Muslims. Overall, these three empires over a three hundred year span conquered thousands of people and had to develop administrative practices and policies. These methods greatly impact their success.