Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay Example

Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay Example Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay Customer Relationship Management In Hospitality Industry Importance Tourism Essay Essay CRM entails all facets of interaction a company has with its client, whether it is gross revenues or service related. It even uses engineering to streamline procedures that impact client trueness, service bringing and quality direction. Today, concerns are confronting an aggressive competition and they have to do Attempts to last in a competitory and unsure market topographic point. Peoples have realized that pull offing Customer relationships is a really of import factor for their success. Customer relationship direction ( CRM ) is a scheme that can assist them to construct durable relationships with their clients and increase their net incomes through the right direction system and the application of customer-focused schemes. ( Berry,1983 ) Customer is the most of import individual for a concern. He is non an break to our work but the intent of it. He is non an foreigner ; he is a portion of it. We are non making him a favor, he is making us a favor by giving us an chance to function him. ( By Mahatma Gandhi ) It has grown mainstream and is being implemented in a broad scope of companies and organisations such as fabrication, fiscal services, transit and distribution, Though the activity looks to be a simple one, but tools and work flows which are involved in the procedure can be rather complex, particularly for big concern. Previously the tools were by and large limited to happen out basic information s like companies contact history with the clients or clients, monitoring and entering interactions and communications. ( Parasuraman, et all 1985 ) Background [ P1 ] : The ground of me to take this peculiar research is really simple. As I have worked in cordial reception industry and had a opportunity to cognize the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours operations from a close point, I wanted to happen out more ways to research about how the improved invitee service and trueness creates a bond between a peculiar organisation and the clients. In this epoch of globalisation where Customer is the King , client outlooks are traveling up which is doing the state of affairs more and more competitory. As the merchandise is going generic in nature, the hotel industry can no longer rely on the traditional selling schemes to retain the clients. Customer Relationship Management is one of the key tools to contend this cut pharynx competition and stand out as a superior trade name Research inquiry ( s ) [ P2 ] : RQ1 ) How effectual is the usage of Customer Relations Management ( CRM ) in retaining clients in cordial reception? RQ2 ) What are the new selling attacks in hotel industry? RQ3 ) How will CRM aid to retain clients in hotel industry? Hypothesis [ P2 ] : H0: CRM has no important consequence in retaining client in Hospitality Industry. H1: CRM has a important consequence in retaining client in Hospitality Industry. H0: CRM do non assist to retain client in hotel industry. H1: CRM do assist to retain client in hotel industry. Research Aims A ; Objectives [ P4 ] : Purpose: The survey aims to understand the importance of CRM in the success of administration in a cordial reception industry. Furthermore, it seeks to find the effectivity of the new selling attacks in retaining clients in a cordial reception industry. The survey is to make an extended research on the importance of CRM in Hospitality Industry, so gather relevant documents to back up the survey a study will be conducted and informations will be gathered from study and from these informations decision will be drawn. Aims: To be able arrive to the desired reply, the undermentioned stairss should be done: Gather relevant yesteryear and current informations related to the survey Design research inquiries for study Conduct a study Gather the relevant information from the study Make a tabular array or graph Verify informations Draw decision Literature Review [ P5 ] : Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ) is one of those brilliant constructs that swept the concern universe in the 1990 s with the promise of forever altering the manner concerns little and big interacted with their client bases. In the short term, nevertheless, it proved to be an unmanageable procedure that was better in theory than in pattern for a assortment of grounds. First among these was that it was merely so hard and expensive to track and maintain the high volume of records needed accurately and invariably update them. ( Payne,2000 ) In today s competitory concern environment, a successful CRM scheme can non be implemented by merely put ining and incorporating a package bundle designed to back up CRM procedures. A holistic attack to CRM is critical for an effectual and efficient CRM policy. This attack includes preparation of employees, a alteration of concern procedures based on clients demands and an acceptance of relevant IT-systems ( including soft- and possibly hardware ) and/or use of IT-Services that enable the organisation or company to follow its CRM scheme. CRM-Services can even redundant the acquisition of extra hardware or CRM software- licences. ( Reichheld et all,1990 ) Let us now look for the replies of the inquiries we were carry oning the research for with regard to a unrecorded hotel. ITC MAURYA SHERATON Defines CRM as Customer Relationship Management is a procedure of pull offing client dealingss in an organized manner . They aim at pull offing each Moment Of Truth that is experienced by the client. Q11 How will CRM aid to retain clients in hotel industry There are assorted contact points where the hotel comes in direct contact with the client which are known as Touch points in the CRM linguistic communication. These touch points are considered of import as there is direct interaction with the client and they provide valuable input to the hotel. The input provided by the client has to be captured in such a manner that it becomes information and can be used by assorted procedures within the hotel. This can be done with the aid of engineering and the purpose is that whenever there is a client interface with any of those procedures they are able to utilize that information in serving the invitee in a most efficient mode. ( Sheth,1998 ) Loyalty Plans Second vehicle for CRM identified by Maurya Sheraton are the Loyalty Programs. These plans are designed to honor the loyal invitees of the hotel. Every clip a invitee cheques in the hotel at his every touch point or interface with the hotel, every clip he spends on a service provided by the hotel ( usage of Room, Restaurant, Laundry, Telephones etc. ) , the dealing is recorded at each single point and is added to the concluding measure presented to the invitee at the terminal of the stay. There are certain points attached to the figure of rupees spent by the invitee. Therefore higher the sum of the measure, the higher will be the figure of points attained by the invitee. These points are credited to the history of each invitee with the aid of engineering. These are called Loyalty points. These histories holding the trueness points are alone to every invitee. Therefore, whenever after the first clip that guest cheques into the hotels, the guest history besides affects the trueness poi nts. The higher the figure of points, more loyal is the invitee. The points can be redeemed by the invitee for either free corsets at the hotel or free gifts as listed by the hotel or free repasts depending upon the figure of points accumulated. Distribution Points/ Central Reservation System A client can merely do a call at the reserve Centre to do a engagement with the hotel. It sounds simple but it could acquire complex in instance he does non have the expected or the coveted response. Therefore, Maurya Sheraton sees this distribution point as an chance to set up CRM as the respondents at the reserve Centre could turn a prospective client into a sale or could allow travel off the chance to make so by non being polite plenty or non giving out the information as desired by the invitee. The information sing all guest reserves is managed through computing machine package, hence, when a client brand calls to question about a reserve, all his hotel usage history pops up in the system which gives a opportunity to the executive at the reserves to immediately acknowledge the client and reference him by his name. This minute of truth is experienced by the client with a feeling of acknowledgment and feels it as good service at the first touch point itself. The input or direction received from the client at the phase is recorded in the reserve system for farther mention by the hotel operations. Therefore the wheel does non acquire reinvented every clip a standard direction is to be followed. This leads to removal of an thorn and that finally leads to a satisfied client willing to return. ( Sheth and Parvatiyar,1995 ) Welcome Award Honoring Relationships Welcome Award has earned the differentiation of being India s premier and most powerful frequent invitee programme. The Welcome Award programme recognizes client as a concern traveller and through its strategic confederations with travel spouses enterprises to construct a rewarding relationship client. As a Welcome Award member clients can gain Stars on every facet of their concern tripaˆÂ ¦hotel corsets, concern amusement, Car leases and even air travel. Welcome Link- Bring place the wagess Welcome Link, India s most popular programme for cardinal professionals offers many value-added benefits. It is designed to assist members in doing reserves for their company executives. For every materialized room dark booked by a member at ITC-Welcome group Hotel, points are earned that can be redeemed for a broad scope of wagess. With Welcome Link, the member can look frontward to many exciting publicities and awards coming their manner plus an exciting scope of wagess complimentary dining, free vacations, air tickets, auto leases and privilege shopping with Credit Card Gift Vouchers countrywide. Sheraton Plus- The art of all right dining with a particular border Welcome group Sheraton Plus brings the pleasances of the roof of the mouth, in a genuinely rewarding mode. As a member, clients can taste the finest in culinary art runing from reliable Indian, Mughlai and Chinese fortes to Continental menu in a choice of over 30 ITC-Welcome group eating houses. From a 24-hour java stores called Pavilion to the forte eating houses such as Dum-Pukht, Bukhara, Dakshin and West View. Q3 How CRM can be efficaciously administered Customer relationship direction ( CRM ) is more than the pattern of roll uping guest-centric informations. It s the art of utilizing historical, personal and experiential information to personalise a invitee s stay while bring forthing incremental gross chances. Knowing a traveler is an devouring athleticss fan creates the chance to market tickets to a game. Industry surveys show that invitees are less likely to return if they experience a job during their stay. Recording and hive awaying of relevant database of guest history and information s and analysis of those provides with the information to extinguish repeating jobs and maintain invitees coming back, so to take down operating costs and increase guest satisfaction at the same clip. So the most of import factor is how good it needs to be handled and administrated. There has to be a dedicated squad and a suited user friendly package to assist the squad with the elaborate records of the client picks and penchants and all possible information s which may necessitate to be kept in head ever and the most of import measure in this has to be the changeless updating of inside informations with each minute inside informations with each visit or contact of the invitee with the hotel. Another of import portion of smooth handling and disposal of CRM procedure would be to maintain everyone updated and informed about the aggregation of information s of each single picks and penchants so in every point of contact the invitee feels at place. ( Sheth et all,2000 ) Rationale [ P6 ] : One can deduce the present scenario of the patterns and plans being followed by the taking participants in this sector and the stairss being followed by them to heighten client keeping, client satisfaction and in bend, taking to heighten net incomes and trade name image in the heads of the clients. Contemplations [ P6 ] : In the true spirit of believing outside of the box, experts at the Gartner Group believe the most successful organisations will be those who, through invention and concentrate on concern effectivity instead than simply efficiency, manage to interrupt the cast of traditional concern thought . Being effectual is paramount. The terminal end of better helping clients and enabling a high per centum of client keeping can non be met with out originative thought and effectual planning and actions. The undertaking of honing the relationship between concern and client is ever on traveling and requires particular dedication and invention as the commercialism markets. Scope and Limitations [ P6 ] : Scope To analyze Customer Relationship Management in the Hotel Industry. The other aims would be to analyze the plans and patterns of CRM employed by the taking hotels in India and to analyze the steps to construct a better relationship between the customer/guest and the cordial reception unit. Finally to reason the findings and suggest any recommendations sing the hereafter growing chances. Restrictions of the Study aˆ?Due to the handiness of chiefly secondary informations, hallmark of the same is non certain. aˆ?Since the hallmark of the information is non certain, the consequence of the undertaking may non be precise. aˆ?Customer relationship direction is in itself a complex subject, hence, there may be certain errors in the premise Action program [ D2 ] : WEEKS- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 Topic A ; Title Abstract A ; Keywords Introduction Background Research inquiry ( s ) Hypothesis Research Aims A ; Aims Literature Review Rationale Contemplations Scope and Restrictions Action program Ethical consideration Theoretical Framework / Methodology Research design Analysis and treatment Execution of Research undertaking Execution of Research undertaking Decisions Recommendations and future work

Writing a Pitch

Writing a Pitch Writing a Pitch Writing a Pitch By Maeve Maddox Those of you planning to enter the Amazon/Penguin Fiction Contest have probably written your pitch by now. Every novelist, sooner or later, must give some thought to the pitch. Like a synopsis a pitch must presentin a short space if written, in a few minutes if spokenan overall description of the novel: main character/s, main conflict, main plot twists, and resolution. The pitch contains additional information about targeted audience and marketability. The Amazon/Penguin contest is expected to draw as many as 10,000 submissions. The 10,000 will be cut to 2,000 on the basis of 300-word pitches. Even if you dont plan to enter, you may find the contest criteria useful in planning the pitch you will eventually need if youre writing a novel. The 300-word contest pitches are expected to give judges a clear idea of the following aspects of the submitted novel: overall strength plot development character development originality of idea writing style intended market how the book fits within this market why the reader would want to read the novel The contents of a pitch are the same as what goes into a query letter. Good luck to those of you planning to enter. Any of our readers who entered last year may want to offer last minute tips. Guidelines for writing a fiction query letter Breakthrough Novel Contest site Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadStory Writing 101Oppose and Opposed To

Consolidation and Reflective Statement 350 words Coursework

Consolidation and Reflective Statement 350 words - Coursework Example My success formula is simply doing exhaustive research, privately going through the learning materials repeatedly, and later endorsing the read information through discussions. I comprehensively researched and answered all questions in the online library and career service quiz correctly. The discussion skills I perfected enabled me to work effectively on the workshop group blog. Additionally, the discussions equipped me with all-round information applicable in the evaluation process in a workshop group wiki. To complete the portfolio, I worked essentially by discussing with people, and deliberating many internet materials, journals, books and some materials that had been done by other students relating to the topic. Difficulties were imminent because I had not been involved in any research of such magnitude during my previous education, which was mostly based on question and answer. Time was a challenge because extensive researching needs relatively longer duration. To overcome the challenges, I sort help from a number of people who guided me on how to gather information perfectly. In the same way, I used various applications to create work schedules and manage time. In overall, this was a very educative experience. It offered an opportunity for practically experiencing working under different scenarios. I developed a number of skills and knowledge in the process. For instance, now I am a better timekeeper and a good portfolio manager. Above all, I established a critical mind, which will be of great assistance to me throughout my life and professional

History J4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History J4 - Essay Example During the period that Ogier wrote his letters, the Ottoman Empire was trying to expand its territory. The Janissaries were dressed in robes that went down to their ankles and cowls which they used to cover their heads. Their main role in the Ottoman Empire was to secure the empires borders and protect it against any invasion. Ogier also states in his letter that they were used to protect the Jews and the Christians from mob violence. They also helped maintain law and order in the empire as Ogier states that they protected people from outrage and wrong. The empire had 12,000 Janissaries. People in and without the empire are terrified of the Janissaries (Foster and Daniel, 1881). The Janissary was made up of Christian boys who were subjected to strict rules and discipline. In their empire expansion activities, the Ottoman Empire took slaves. These slaves were either sold or recruited into the elite army known as Janissaries. They were mostly chosen from Balkan and Anatolian Christians. Jews and boys of Turkish origin were not recruited into the Janissary. Janissaries were recruited from the children of Christians who had been enslaved by the Ottoman Empire. Since the empire was Islamic, the Sultan was not allowed to enslave Muslims hence their exclusion from recruitment into the Janissary. The Janissaries were recruited under strict conditions; they were not allowed to keep a beard, to marry and only be soldiers and nothing else. They were recruited every 5 years and were taken in by Turkish families and taught Turkish, its customs and the rules of the Islam faith. They were mainly sought because the Sultan could not enslave Muslims, so the Ottoman Empire so urced them from their Christian subjects. Due to their strict training, the Janissaries were disciplined. Ogier writes in his letter that patience, self-denial and thrift enabled the

Identify Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Identify Law - Research Paper Example Of great importance in this study are the states of Washington and New York. The Cellphone and Texting Law is not applicable in the following states; Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and South Dakota. Of great significance in this study will the states of Hawaii and Nevada. The Cellphone and Texting Law is found in the states of Washington and New York; the law is not found in the states of Hawaii and Nevada (Highway Safety Research & Communications, 2011). The state of Washington has two driving laws that are associated with the use of cell phone; these laws began in 2008. The first law EHB 1214 took effect on the same year 2008 and the law has banned text messaging and it has been made a traffic infraction. The ordinance is not on the hands-free but a text messaging total ban. The law has some exceptions and in particular during the emergency situations (DrivingLaws.org, 2011). The second law in regard to the Washington State driving law went into effect in 2008; the law (ESSB 5037) is on the hands free law. The hands free cell phone law forbids the utilization of a wireless device like a cell phone on the ear while driving. The law allows an individual to use the cellphone if the communication is made through a hands free device like a wired headset or a Bluetooth headset (DrivingLaws.org, 2011). The hands free driving law in New York was approved in the year 2001. Ever since the law was passed the New York Police department passed almost 300,000 within the first three years, mostly for those who were violating the first hands free driving law. The law which was effective from November 1st, 2009 prohibited people from texting while driving in the New York (DrivingLaws.org, 2011). The law bans the drivers from using moveable electronic devices (they include blackberries, laptops and cell phones) and any other types of

Flood Coping Mechanisms

Flood Coping Mechanisms Adaptive Strategies of household in terms of flood coping mechanism. Introduction Background of the problem International and national literature related to the problem to be studied Floods are defined as extremely high flows of river, whereby water inundates flood plains or terrains outside the water-confined major river channels. Flood hazard is measured by probability occurrence of their damaging values, conceived generally as flood risk, or by their impact on society, conceives usually as the loss of lives and material damage to society (Rossi et al., 1994). Flood is natural events that can occur at any time and often able to create loss and damage that can be suffered by property, population and environment. Flood event cannot be prevented, but it can only be controlled and reduced the impact. Flood came relatively quickly, so we must have the effective strategies in order to reduce the impact from flood event. Flood is the most damaging event in Indonesia. Of total disaster in Indonesia, 57.43% is floods. Those events cause 587,190 affected people and 68 casualties (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNBP/National Coordinating Board for the Management of Disaster), 2008). Geographically, Sampang is located in Madura Island and included as plain area because it has elevation almost the same as sea level. Due to this physical condition, Sampang, as a waterfront city, has been suffering with flooding almost every year. Combination between high intensity of rainfall and high tide of sea, improved water discharge of Kamoning River and then inundated several areas in Sampang. The triggering factor is small holding capacity of Kamoning River. The strategies from local community to cope the flood are mostly developed by the initiative of affected community in inundated area. For instance, they have added the floor height or the number of floor in order to avoid the water flow and save their belongings. The coping activities that have been done by local community revealed due to the disability of local community to move in safer area. Besides, those coping strategies also have uniqueness related to the physical condition of this area. It means that the strategies can be explored through several perspectives, e.g. the magnitude of flood, income, education, etc. By elaborating the existing adaptive strategies in Sampang Regency, it is expected that the general and specific description of flood coping strategies can be obtained as an effort to establish the recommendation in case of local government policy in facing with a given flood. 1.2. Statement of Problem Flood becomes a major issue for the local government of Sampang Regency because it is one of the most frequent and most disastrous natural events. Tremendous losses and damages as results of severe flood have been occurred. Historically, Sampang City already has been stricken severe flood in three times which were in 1921, 1991 and 2002. The most flood disaster in Sampang was in 2002, where a third area of Sampang was affected and caused more than 14 casualties, many damaged houses and public infrastructures, and many evacuated people. The recent of flood occurrence in Sampang were in 2008 and 2009, where the flood event has a little damaged. The flood occurrences in this regency demanded the awareness both from local community and local government for conducting disaster reduction actions. Those actions were aimed to minimize the impact of flood. One of those actions is flood investigation in terms of flood characteristics and coping strategies. The action is intended to gather information related to the characteristic of flood, how the affected community survive with flood, and the coping strategies that have been done by the local government. The collected information about flood and flood coping strategies will be useful as an important input to arrange capacity improvement in disaster reduction process. On the other words, local community and local government will be involved in establishing the more appropriate flood coping strategies, particularly by examining flood characteristics and existing flood coping mechanism. Moreover, it can be decided whether the existing flood coping strategies are adequate or not. There are many parts of Sampang Regency which are often stricken by flood every year, but the study about flood has not been done yet. Besides, more detail of local community’s strategies in overcoming the flood is not established. Local government commonly only calculated the losses and damages without investigating the flood characteristics and coping strategies done by local community. Find the thesis with Sampang as study area. Research Objective General objective of this research is to identify the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood event and local government actions in supporting the strategies. The general objective is then elaborated into four specific objectives, as follow: To identify the characteristics of the flood. To explore the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood. To recognize influencing factors of selected adaptive strategies. To identify the government strategies in terms of reducing the flood impacts. Research Questions The main question of this research is what are the adaptive strategies of households to cope the flood event and how can local government support the adaptive strategies in reducing the impact of flood Sub questions are: What are the characteristics of the flood event? What are the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood? What are the factors that influence the selecting adaptive strategies? What have done by local government to cope the flood in term of reducing the impact of the flood event? Research Method * Make the adaptations necessary to adjust the text according to your own situation: Type of Research The type of research is an explanatory research which seeks to identify the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood event and local government actions in supporting the strategies of household. This research will use qualitative and quantitative method. 2.2. Data Collection Literature study Secondary data will be collected mainly from government institutions, various data will be collected is listed on the following table: Table Secondary Data No Data Type Source 1 Annual report of JFP Perum year 2008 JFP, Perum of JFP 2 Documentation of tidal flood (picture and report) JFP, NJM 3 Fisheries statistic year 2008 JFP, BPS, Perum of JFP, NJFA 4 Spatial Plan NJM 5 Flood Preventing Program JFP, NJM Flood Preventing Program JFP, NJM Secondary data such as (reports, articles, etc) will be collected through a literature study from (governmental agencies, private, other). The sources of secondary data are shown in the following table X; 2.2.2. Fieldwork Primary data will be collected through a fieldwork for (duration, time of the data collection and place (s)). The research instruments will be a combination of an (in-depth interview, survey with questionnaires, others). The choice of key respondents (government officials/ experts, others) for interviews (with semi-closed interviews, closed interviews, etc) is based on a (purposive or other way of sampling). Further, the list of respondents to be interviewed is shown in the table X1; The research population at which the survey about (perception or other issue) using (questionnaires and/or other instrument) will be applied to (citizens, NGOs, etc..) The sampling technique for selecting respondents from citizens is a (purposive, random, or other) sampling. Considerin g that time and finance are the main limitations of the research, the expected number of respondents is X . The dissemination of questionnaires will be done by (visiting offices, schools/campuses and association centers of respondents, by using internet or other means). The list of respondents is presented in the following table X2; 2.3. Data Analysis How your collected data will be analyzed, techniques to be used for the analysis (statistic methods: means, percentages, frequency distribution, etc)) and for the display and organization of the collected data (tables, matrix, graphic (type)). Unit of Analysis, Variables and Indicators Unit of analysis of this research is the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Variables and indicators are summarized in the following table X3; 2.6. Research Design In order to have a clear guidance about how to do the research, it is necessary to make a research design. The research design consists of some stages as is shown in the following figure X The thesis report will be structured into X chapters. Those six chapters are as follows; Chapter 1 includes the background of the problem, problem statement, justification of study, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses. Chapter 2 deals with literature review/conceptual framework used in the research. Chapter 3 describes the general condition of the research area. Chapter 4 explains the research method. Chapter 5 discusses the results/findings of the research. Chapter 6 is concerned with conclusions and recommendations Time Framework Table X; Important dates and deadlines Budget Table X; Budget of research Reference List Appendix 1; Copy of the Interview Questions to be used in the field visit Appendix 2; Copy (s) of the Questionnaire(s) to be used in the field visit. Appendix 3; Map of the research area. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD Research method used deals with the goals and objectives achieved in this study. It consists of pre field, data collection method and data analysis method. Preparation This stage has main purpose to prepare some certain materials which will be used in the field data collection. There are three main activities, which are literature review, design survey, and questioner. The literature review is a process to obtain research background justification and to formulate research questions. Then, it is harnessed as a guide in the research process. The literature review itself yields a theoretical background that provides framework analysis of the research. It also organizes such kind of research which should be accomplished in order to achieve the research objective. Data Collection The data needed for the research analysis are primary and secondary data. Primary data collection interview both household and contact person in particular community (government official, community leader, NGO, etc). Questioner distribution will be held by considering the number of samples taken. In this case, the number of samples is obtained by using the following equation (Public Work Department): n = [image] Where : n = The number of samples N = The number of population (3 Sub district 29337) d = The level of significancy for about 10% (it represents all population) Regarding to the equation, the number of samples used is 100 samples (see the following calculation): = 99,66 = 100 On the other side, the secondary data are gathered from literature review and previous research reports. Secondary data are the available statistical data compiled from those institutions. The result of this fieldwork is a database containing all information related with people perception on flooding, physical aspects (structural types of buildings and building contents) and socio-economic aspects (age, gender, occupation, income, educational level, length of stay and housing status) and people’s coping mechanism due to flood. Data Analysis Method The method of analysis is a descriptive analysis that explores and investigates the data. Questionnaires were double checked for differences and corrected, and individual and housing records linked using SPSS software. The main variables collected from the households interviews such as : height of water level during flood, and the duration, flood history, coping mechanism, and the socio –economic were analysed. From the analysis, it is expected to find a new integrated flood management that is possible to apply in overcoming flood hazard in Sampang Regency. The output from this analysis process will be utilized as a guide to develop a new flood management system. Research Question Variables Indicators Data Source Interview Question Numbers What are the characteristics of the flood event? Characteristic of flood History of Flood Cause the Flood Flood Depth Flood Duration Interview (using questionnaires) with households, and observation The Impact of Flood Physical Damage Infrastructure House/Building Appliance Furniture Outside properties Economic Income Occupation Disruption in business Social Injuries sustain Illness suffered Loss of life Interview (using questionnaires) with households, and observation What are the adaptive strategies of household to cope the flood? Economic Reconstruction of house with the reinforced material Preparing place for storage at the higher place Storing basic food items such as : rice and sugar Building dikes in front of house using sand bags Repairing minor damage of the appliance Repairing important damage to the house Fixing things Continue working Purchasing cheap food Repairing minor damage of the appliance Repairing important damage to the house Saving money Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Technological/structural Construction of house with the reinforced material Closing the door and windows properly to avoid water Do nothing Securing house entrance to avoid debris Cleaning the house by draining Repairing minor damage of the appliance Repairing important damage to the house Fixing things Cleaning the canal surroundings the house Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Social Cleaning the house and surroundings Continue patrolling the neighborhood Helping other’s community member in doing work Guarding the house to ensure safety belongings Searching relief materials Evacuating the family, especially children and elderly to the safer place, Preparing temporary place at friend’s or relative’s place Preparing place for storage at the higher place Cleaning the canal surroundings the house Interview (using questionnaires) with households. What are the factors that influence the selecting adaptive strategies? Physical Infrastructure Geographic Location Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Economics Status of Property Income Occupation Interview (using questionnaires) with households. Social Household’s size Household’s structure Interview (using questionnaires) with households. What have done by local government to cope the flood in term of reducing the impact of the flood event? Structural Build dykes, Build dam, Build reservoir, Improve infiltration of rainfall into the ground. Interview with local institutions which have duties related to disaster coping mechanism Non structural An early warning system Regulation Interview with local institutions which have duties related to disaster coping mechanism The sample was chosen from households affected by coastal erosion/flooding and the ones who knew the details of adaptation strategies. A sample of 40 households was selected randomly.

Analysis of the Spectrum of Depression Essays -- Biology Essays Resear

Analysis of the Spectrum of Depression Depression has many degrees of severity from a passing feeling to a serious illness, which destroys lives and relationships. Major depressive disorder is the most severe form of depression. It is extreme and persistent, rendering the patient inconsolable and helpless (1). Depressed patients often cannot continue working and have difficulty dealing with family and friends. Other symptoms of major depression are deep despair, misery, irritability, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, change in eating and sleeping habits, fatigue and inability to concentrate. Other mental illnesses, such as anxiety and alcoholism are also associated with major depression (2). While serious depressive episodes are important to our understanding of mental health, chronic depression is terribly widespread and often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Dysthymia is a disorder which has similar, but milder and much longer lasting, symptoms to depression (3). By understanding the characteristics of dysthymia, health p rofessionals can identify a chronic mental illness before it manifests into more serious psychological problems, such as severe depression. Dysthymia is also an interesting disorder from the neurobiological perspective because it is often difficult to discern from other personality disorders, such as a depressed or gloomy personality. This paper explores depression and dysthymia, their symptoms and therapies. In addition, personalities which are depressed will be analyzed and compared to depression and dysthymia. Do all three afflictions stem from the same genetic or environmental causes, and mechanistic origins? Are they all responsive to the same treatment? This comparison will address the difficulty in dis... ...l and emotional signals can be influenced at several different levels in the brain, by a myriad of chemicals. The sole cause of depression seems to be the simultaneous breakdown of neurochemical pathways across the nervous systems. It is true that treating depression in all of its forms is much easier today with the advent of new antidepressants, but these drugs are correcting a neurochemical imbalance which is not specific to depression. There may exist and someday be discovered a particular mood regulation flaw which is responsible for depression, but given the research presented today, I would say there is not. Sources Cited: 1) Elliott, Laura. "Help for Your Head, " Washingtonian, April 1998, p.76 2) http://www.mentalhealth.com/p20-grp.html 3) http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis1/p21-md04.html 4) http://www.epub.org.br/cm/n03/noticias/freios_i.htm Analysis of the Spectrum of Depression Essays -- Biology Essays Resear Analysis of the Spectrum of Depression Depression has many degrees of severity from a passing feeling to a serious illness, which destroys lives and relationships. Major depressive disorder is the most severe form of depression. It is extreme and persistent, rendering the patient inconsolable and helpless (1). Depressed patients often cannot continue working and have difficulty dealing with family and friends. Other symptoms of major depression are deep despair, misery, irritability, low self-esteem, suicidal thoughts, change in eating and sleeping habits, fatigue and inability to concentrate. Other mental illnesses, such as anxiety and alcoholism are also associated with major depression (2). While serious depressive episodes are important to our understanding of mental health, chronic depression is terribly widespread and often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Dysthymia is a disorder which has similar, but milder and much longer lasting, symptoms to depression (3). By understanding the characteristics of dysthymia, health p rofessionals can identify a chronic mental illness before it manifests into more serious psychological problems, such as severe depression. Dysthymia is also an interesting disorder from the neurobiological perspective because it is often difficult to discern from other personality disorders, such as a depressed or gloomy personality. This paper explores depression and dysthymia, their symptoms and therapies. In addition, personalities which are depressed will be analyzed and compared to depression and dysthymia. Do all three afflictions stem from the same genetic or environmental causes, and mechanistic origins? Are they all responsive to the same treatment? This comparison will address the difficulty in dis... ...l and emotional signals can be influenced at several different levels in the brain, by a myriad of chemicals. The sole cause of depression seems to be the simultaneous breakdown of neurochemical pathways across the nervous systems. It is true that treating depression in all of its forms is much easier today with the advent of new antidepressants, but these drugs are correcting a neurochemical imbalance which is not specific to depression. There may exist and someday be discovered a particular mood regulation flaw which is responsible for depression, but given the research presented today, I would say there is not. Sources Cited: 1) Elliott, Laura. "Help for Your Head, " Washingtonian, April 1998, p.76 2) http://www.mentalhealth.com/p20-grp.html 3) http://www.mentalhealth.com/dis1/p21-md04.html 4) http://www.epub.org.br/cm/n03/noticias/freios_i.htm